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Vintage Combination Square

Eric Brown

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Just got a broken Stanley 22 square. The previous owner tried to install a Starrett type rule and forced it in, breaking the casting. The spirit vials were also broke. So I'm trying to fix it and make useable again. Will be taking it to a friend who owns a professional welding shop. He has the right equipment and ovens for this type of work. Currently bead blasted and will see how the welding goes. It may break off even before welding. His choice. Wish me luck.
 

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Eric Brown

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Just got this S.S. Kresge Co. combination square. Only marked with the name on the rule. Comparing it to others, the closest match I could find was Finchburg. The square has several interesting features. No scribe or even a hole for one, and the knurled nut has a very long taper to it, unlike any others I have. The bottom of the nut has a tapered countersink, not square bottomed like on a Starrett with a spring. The scales on the rule are similar to a Starrett 94 designed for carpenters. The groove on the rule has a square bottom and the clamp has a square shape to match.

History: The S.S. Kresge Company was founded in 1912 and lasted until 1977 when the name was changed to K-Mart. Kresge's was basically a dime store. Had one a few blocks from where I grew up.

EDIT: K-Mart stores were before 1977 but all the Kresge stores were closed or renamed by 1977.
 

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Beerhippie

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Just got this S.S. Kresge Co. combination square. Only marked with the name on the rule. Comparing it to others, the closest match I could find was Finchburg. The square has several interesting features. No scribe or even a hole for one, and the knurled nut has a very long taper to it, unlike any others I have. The bottom of the nut has a tapered countersink, not square bottomed like on a Starrett with a spring. The scales on the rule are similar to a Starrett 94 designed for carpenters. The groove on the rule has a square bottom and the clamp has a square shape to match.

History: The S.S. Kresge Company was founded in 1912 and lasted until 1977 when the name was changed to K-Mart. Kresge's was basically a dime store. Had one a few blocks from where I grew up.
I'm 99% sure we had K-Mart stores in the early '70s. It was my father's favorite store and I remember practicing ice driving with my father on Sundays (they were closed) in the parking lot during ice storms. That would have been no later than '75.

BTW, using the giant-*** K-Mart parking lot for a skidpad on ice was too much fun to describe--and we (brother and I) certainly learned how to handle skids and understeer in slick conditions.
 

Eric Brown

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I'm 99% sure we had K-Mart stores in the early '70s. It was my father's favorite store and I remember practicing ice driving with my father on Sundays (they were closed) in the parking lot during ice storms. That would have been no later than '75.

BTW, using the giant-*** K-Mart parking lot for a skidpad on ice was too much fun to describe--and we (brother and I) certainly learned how to handle skids and understeer in slick conditions.
You are correct. So am am I. Sorry if it misled you. The K-Mart stores started earlier than 1977 while the SS Kresge stores were being phased out and the Kresge's were all closed or renamed by 1977 to K-Mart.
 

Beerhippie

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You are correct. So am am I. Sorry if it misled you. The K-Mart stores started earlier than 1977 while the SS Kresge stores were being phased out and the Kresge's were all closed or renamed by 1977 to K-Mart.
Thanks for the verification!

CRS can get irritating. I was sure I recalled the food mart, Blue Light Special and really crappy shoes from my grade school years.

K-Mart sold--and my father bought--some of the most miserable excuses for hiking boots ever. Nails used to secure the soles--which they did a notably poor job of--would come through the insoles while hiking. I recall several Boy Scout hiking trips ruined by boots full of blood. First thing I did when I started making any real money was to visit the Danner Boot factory about two miles from home. Problem solved. In the '70s, Danner would take a mold of your foot and make your own custom last from it--SOP.
 

Eric Brown

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Just got a broken Stanley 22 square. The previous owner tried to install a Starrett type rule and forced it in, breaking the casting. The spirit vials were also broke. So I'm trying to fix it and make useable again. Will be taking it to a friend who owns a professional welding shop. He has the right equipment and ovens for this type of work. Currently bead blasted and will see how the welding goes. It may break off even before welding. His choice. Wish me luck.
Got it back from welding, Cleaned it up somewhat. It's not perfect but it is usable again. Deciding if I should paint or nickel plate. I have a few other Stanley combination squares to plate. I am still waiting for replacement vials. These are shorter than the other Stanley squares.
 

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Eric Brown

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Here is a group of Stanley number 21 combination squares. Starting at the top and going down. 1st is one marked with No. 21, Pat 1-23-17, Stanley inside rectangle, SW (Sweet heart) inside heart, Made in USA on rule. Head not marked. This one is a 9" version. They were made in 6", 7", 9" and 12" versions. Note they do not have a spirit level or a scribe. The rule is 9" long, 1 1/8" wide and .056 thick. The patent #1213578 (Jan 23, 1917) covers the slot in the rule and the pin going through the clamping bolt. Loosening the bolt allows the blade to swing 180 degrees without removal. The clamping nut pushes against a beam slot arraignment. This allows clearance for swinging the rule. There is no spring under the clamping nut. (The slot is later used by the #22 model for a spring wire)
Sweetheart was used between 1920 and 1934.

2nd and 3rd ones down are similar except for markings on rules. Heads not marked. They use a slotted rule, but now the rule is only 1" wide and thicker at .075". They now have a spirit level and scribe. The clamping bolt is based on patent # 1984951 (Dec 18, 1934). This clamping bolt has a single pin for the slot and the clamp bolt shaft extends beyond the nut allowing it to be loosened and the rule rotated without taking apart. To avoid loosing the nut, the end of the clamp bolt has a small flare. The 2nd one is marked with Stanley (inside rectangle), Made in USA, Pat Pend, No. 21, Pat 1-23-17. 3rd one is simply marked Made in USA, Pat 1984951 (Stanley not marked anywhere).

4th one is marked Stanley (inside rectangle), No. 21SA, Made in USA, on rule. Head is marked with Stanley(inside rectangle) and Pat. D245237. (Aug 2, 1977) The rule still has a slot but the clamping bolt is again changed and now has a "lug" protrusion to engage the slot. As this is larger than the pin used previously now there is a large hole at the end of the slot allowing the rule to rotate. There is now a spring under the clamping nut. The "SA" designation probably indicates a spirit level and alloy head. The scribe uses a larger section with a slight taper to retain it.

In a 1958 catalog #34 the illustrations show a newer style opening for where the clamping nut goes (round hole) but the how-to-use pictures show the earlier styles like my 2nd and 3rd ones.

Top two I have nickel plated.
 

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Eric Brown

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Stanley No. 22 combination squares. These all have cast iron heads. From top to bottom, left to right:
1st one is marked Stanley No. 22 Made in USA, Pat Pend. (No patent found yet). Similar in design to the #21's above, (#2 & #3) with several changes. First is that the rule now has a groove similar to most other combination squares following the Starrett patent. However they are not interchangeable with others due to them being thinner at .07" where a Starrett is about .09". The clamping bolt has an extra groove in the slotted area and a wire spring is inserted to retain the bolt. The as there is no slot the clamping bolt is shorter than the above #2 and #3 but still has the flared end to reduce the chance of loosing the nut. The nut itself is similar to the #1 above indicating an older stye.
They have added an extra spirit lever on all the #22's. The head is not marked.

Second row has one similar to the fist one except it has a larger knurled nut and they eliminated the extension and flare section of the bolt. This one is marked on the head with a "U" at the small end.
The next one is slightly newer and the changed the shape of the bode to a round hole where the nut goes. The nut is now brass. The rule is marked Stanley inside rectangle, No. 22, Made in USA. Appears to be originally nickel plated. The head is marked with a "U" and a "4" at the small end.

Last one is one I repaired and showed in earlier posts. Decided to nickel plate it. The vials have been replaced. Nut is brass and head Marked "U"
 

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Eric Brown

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Newer Stanley combination squares. Top one is marked Stanley on rule and Stanley in a rectangle on the body. Body is an alloy. Scribe has plastic knob. No spring on plastic clamping knob. Exposed level.

Bottom one is marked same as above. Plastic body. No scribe. Vil protected. No scribe. No spring on plastic clamping knob. About as cheap as you can get.

I have not seen a Stanley yet that had a hardened/tempered rule.
 

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LesserSon

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IMG_6515.jpeg
I was at the flea market, and spotted this buried at the bottom of a box of random tools. I was able to see “Athol, Mass,” so it came home. ID-ed it as a No10 Patent Inclinometer. It was frozen, but today with WD40 and gentle taps with the handle of an electricians screwdriver, I got it apart.
Trouble began when the wind (it was a beautiful day, so I was working outdoors in the sunlight) blew away the paper plate I was putting parts on, but a big magnet helped locate the two tiny retaining screws in the gravel where I was working on it. I eschewed the paper plate after that.
I believe there is a missing element, possibly a ball bearing. I do not recall seeing it fall, and it didn’t grab onto the magnet when I was recovering the screws.
IMG_6533.jpegThe threaded hole (A) that the protractor set screw (A1) goes in is slightly deeper than the screw, so it does not contact the inside of the protractor, and the counterbore is wider than the threads. The screw was bent midshaft so it wouldn’t thread in all the way, so I wrapped the threads in paper, put it in a vise and gave it a couple taps with a brass hammer. It still may be slightly askew (or the threads are lightly deformed where the bend was, but it does thread in with a little resistance midway.
IMG_6518.jpeg
Interestingly, it was not in the configuration (degrees on the same side as the slot in the rule) shown in the catalog as found, and it will not go together that way, unless I file the tip of the blade retaining screw (B1), because the recess (B) for the anti-swivel tab on the screw isn’t machined deep enough on one side. But also, the indicator mark on the frame that lines up with the degrees is only present on one side of the frame, so this IS the way it was made.
I used a brass brush to remove dried spermaceti oil and light rust, and put it back together as found. I’ll probably try adding a ball bearing so the protractor will lock.
IMG_6543.jpegIMG_6542.jpegIMG_6538.jpeg
 
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LesserSon

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IMG_6624.jpeg
A quick flip through the thread did not ID this inch/metric acquisition. I can’t make out whatever is stamped into the side.IMG_6626.jpeg IMG_6625.jpegThe arrow-through-circle stamped on the rule seems like it could lead to identification.IMG_6625.jpeg
And the nut.
 

Provincial

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IMG_6515.jpeg
I was at the flea market, and spotted this buried at the bottom of a box of random tools. I was able to see “Athol, Mass,” so it came home. ID-ed it as a No10 Patent Inclinometer. It was frozen, but today with WD40 and gentle taps with the handle of an electricians screwdriver, I got it apart.
Trouble began when the wind (it was a beautiful day, so I was working outdoors in the sunlight) blew away the paper plate I was putting parts on, but a big magnet helped locate the two tiny retaining screws in the gravel where I was working on it. I eschewed the paper plate after that.
I believe there is a missing element, possibly a ball bearing. I do not recall seeing it fall, and it didn’t grab onto the magnet when I was recovering the screws.
IMG_6533.jpegThe threaded hole (A) that the protractor set screw (A1) goes in is slightly deeper than the screw, so it does not contact the inside of the protractor, and the counterbore is wider than the threads. The screw was bent midshaft so it wouldn’t thread in all the way, so I wrapped the threads in paper, put it in a vise and gave it a couple taps with a brass hammer. It still may be slightly askew (or the threads are lightly deformed where the bend was, but it does thread in with a little resistance midway.
IMG_6518.jpeg
Interestingly, it was not in the configuration (degrees on the same side as the slot in the rule) shown in the catalog as found, and it will not go together that way, unless I file the tip of the blade retaining screw (B1), because the recess (B) for the anti-swivel tab on the screw isn’t machined deep enough on one side. But also, the indicator mark on the frame that lines up with the degrees is only present on one side of the frame, so this IS the way it was made.
I used a brass brush to remove dried spermaceti oil and light rust, and put it back together as found. I’ll probably try adding a ball bearing so the protractor will lock.
IMG_6543.jpegIMG_6542.jpegIMG_6538.jpeg
I saw one just like this, complete and in useable condition Saturday at a swap meet. They were asking $60.00 for it.
 

RTM

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A quick flip through the thread did not ID this inch/metric acquisition. I can’t make out whatever is stamped into the side. The arrow-through-circle stamped on the rule seems like it could lead to identification.IMG_6625.jpeg
And the nut.
My thoughts go to Rabone. This one from Paul Sellers looks like the nut is the same.

1753677782620.jpeg



 

Mintgrun

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Kingston, Wa.
This one from Paul Sellers looks like the nut is the same.

Samilar, but diffirint.
That one is steel, not brass and the two ridges stand taller, with a less plump nut.

I don't recognize it. I'd remember having seen a nut like that.

When I saw this Union Tool Co. square, I wondered what the block was for,

IMG_6807.jpeg

Flipped it over and said, "of course it is!"

IMG_6809.jpeg

It looks like a common plastic sharpener fits the casting.

IMG_6811.jpeg

Tom
 

LesserSon

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Samilar, but diffirint.
That one is steel, not brass and the two ridges stand taller, with a less plump nut.

I don't recognize it. I'd remember having seen a nut like that.
The nut on my mine is steel, but I haven’t got all the rust off yet - the lighting and blur may confuse that. It’s definitely more “plump,” but I think the stock is quite simiilar to the one RTM linked. I’ll be following up on that. I wish Sellers had posted a photo of the other side, and included the awl. The grip on my awl is cylindrical, brass, and stuck at present. I’ll be working on that and take better photos today.
 
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Eric Brown

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The nut on my mine is steel, but I haven’t got all the rust off yet - the lighting and blur may confuse that. It’s definitely more “plump,” but I think the stock is quite simiilar to the one RTM linked. I’ll be following up on that. I wish Sellers had posted a photo of the other side, and included the awl. The grip on my awl is cylindrical, brass, and stuck at present. I’ll be working on that and take better photos today.
Some awls are held by a camming action. Give it a little twist first. Good find.
 

LesserSon

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Yes - I saw the Stanley - Rabone - Chesterman lineage. I was trying to view this vague logo (shown lighted from different directions) in terms of the JC logo, but can’t make it work.
IMG_6641.jpegIMG_6637.jpeg
Frankly, what I do see is something unhelpful, like Gilgamesh and Enkidu beating up Humbaba,
IMG_6645.jpegor (rotated 90° counter-clockwise) a left-facing, Greek geometric-period bird-faced, kilt-girded human figure, seated cross-legged and warming its hands over a small fire,
IMG_6641.jpeg
not unlike the grieving figures in this funeral scene,
IMG_6644.jpeg
but I’m afraid that’s not going to be very helpful, either. “And so, they buried Hector, tamer of horses.”
 
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four.cycle

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Frankly, what I do see is something unhelpful, like Gilgamesh and Enkidu beating up Humbaba,
Alternatively, it might be winged bird-man pulling the tail of fire-breathing winged bull-lion....

(... never imagined I'd see both Gilgamesh and Enkidu mentioned on a tool collectors site, but here we are.... )
 

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Beerhippie

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You mean this guy?

3548955186_53dac8799a_o.jpg

I don't know why he's attacking a winged-lion thing (griffith?) with serving forks while wearing a Rolex....

A buddy one mine does these bas-relief carvings based on ancient myths. It took him about 200 hours for that one. Challenging to photograph, too.
 

d42jeep

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Thanks for the generous offer. When I get back to the Bay Area, I’ll go through my Union squares and see if I’m missing a rule and let you know. IMG_8282.jpegIMG_8283.jpegIMG_8285.jpegIMG_8286.jpeg
-Don
 

Beerhippie

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The one I have is the small logo, like your last pic. It also appears to be rust-blued.

I don't have any Union parts to go with it, but will be sure to find some as soon as I part with the rule.... ;)
 

d42jeep

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Based on the rule numbering I believe the rule is also a Union. Does the protractor have a wide base?
The protractor is dimensionally the same as my Starrett.IMG_3482.jpeg
Here are a couple with rules just marked Made in USA.IMG_3485.jpeg
A Millers Falls square with an extra rule. IMG_3484.jpeg
Two Starrett squares.IMG_3483.jpeg
This may be a Union square with a Rocket marked rule. IMG_3486.jpeg
-Don
 

Eric Brown

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The protractor is dimensionally the same as my Starrett.IMG_3482.jpeg
Here are a couple with rules just marked Made in USA.IMG_3485.jpeg
A Millers Falls square with an extra rule. IMG_3484.jpeg
Two Starrett squares.IMG_3483.jpeg
This may be a Union square with a Rocket marked rule. IMG_3486.jpeg
-Don
Union made protractors with both wide and narrow bases. Rocket was also made by Union.
 

d42jeep

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Here is a recent combination square found at an estate sale. Empire is still in business making squares in the US although their current offerings don’t look much like this one. The rule looks somewhat better after it’s time in the evaporust. IMG_1970.jpeg
-Don
I found a little rusty 6”square at a NV sale on Friday. The rule came out of the evaporust today and I could read the Empire marking.
BeforeIMG_4291.jpeg
After.IMG_4312.jpegIMG_4311.jpeg

-Don
 

INSP380

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Cleveland, Ohio
I got this blade in a box I picked up recently. There were two other combination squares in the box, a old Craftsman & a old Stanley. Both of those blades were marked accordingly. This one is just marked U.S.A. I would have assumed it was another POS until I saw that. It’s cleaned up nicely, and it’s got some weight. Any idea who made it? The ticks are really deep and it looks like the hole came with it….Thoughts? It’s old for sure…IMG_3302.jpegIMG_3301.jpegIMG_3300.jpegIMG_3305.jpegIMG_3304.jpeg

Steve
 

crguy

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I got this blade in a box I picked up recently. There were two other combination squares in the box, a old Craftsman & a old Stanley. Both of those blades were marked accordingly. This one is just marked U.S.A. I would have assumed it was another POS until I saw that. It’s cleaned up nicely, and it’s got some weight. Any idea who made it? The ticks are really deep and it looks like the hole came with it….Thoughts? It’s old for sure…IMG_3302.jpegIMG_3301.jpegIMG_3300.jpegIMG_3305.jpegIMG_3304.jpeg

Steve
I can't imagine that hole and those gouges are factory.
 
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